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Operation Crusader - Wikipedia. Operation Crusader was a military operation during the Second World War by the British Eighth Army against the Axis forces in North Africa between 1. November and 3. 0 December 1.

The operation was intended to relieve the 1. Siege of Tobruk; the Eighth Army tried to destroy the Axis armoured force before advancing its infantry. The plan failed when, after a number of inconclusive engagements, the British 7th Armoured Division was defeated by the Afrika Korps at Sidi Rezegh. Lieutenant General Erwin Rommel ordered German armoured divisions to the Axis fortress positions on the Egyptian border but failed to find the main body of the Allied infantry, which had bypassed the fortresses and headed for Tobruk. Rommel had to withdraw from the frontier to Tobruk and achieved some tactical success in costly fighting. The need to preserve his remaining forces from destruction prompted Rommel to withdraw his army to the defensive line at Gazala, west of Tobruk and then all the way back to El Agheila.

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It was the first victory over the German ground forces by British forces in the war.[1. Background[edit]Eighth Army[edit].

Map of movements and battles during Operation Crusader. Following the costly failure of Operation Battleaxe, General Archibald Wavell was relieved as Commander- in- Chief. Middle East Command and replaced by General Claude Auchinleck.

The Western Desert Force was reorganised and renamed the Eighth Army under the command of Lieutenant- General. Alan Cunningham replaced by Lieutenant- General. Neil Ritchie. The Eighth Army comprised two Corps: XXX Corps under Lieutenant- General Willoughby Norrie and XIII Corps under Lieutenant- General Reade Godwin- Austen. XXX Corps was made up of 7th Armoured Division (commanded by Major- General William Gott), the understrength South African 1st Infantry Division with two brigades of the Sudan Defence Force (newly arrived from the East African Campaign and commanded by Major- General George Brink) and the independent 2. Guards Brigade. XIII Corps comprised 4th Indian Infantry Division (commanded by Major- General Frank Messervy), the newly arrived 2nd New Zealand Division (commanded by Major- General Bernard Freyberg) and the 1st Army Tank Brigade. The Eighth Army also included the Tobruk garrison with the 3.

Army Tank Brigade, and the Australian 9th Division which (in late 1. British 7. 0th Infantry Division and the Polish Carpathian Brigade (Commanded by Major- General Stanisław Kopański). The Australian Major- General Leslie Morshead had been succeeded as Allied commander at Tobruk by the British Major- General Ronald Scobie. However, by November, the Australian 2. Brigade remained in Tobruk, under Brigadier John Murray.

Relief of Tobruk 1. Schematic of the battlefield. In reserve, the Eighth Army had the South African 2nd Infantry Division, making a total equivalent of about 7 divisions with 7.

Crusader. Cruiser tanks, after which the operation was named, and new American M3 Stuart light tanks). Air support was provided by up to 7. Commonwealth air forces in the Middle East and Malta, with direct support under the command of Air HQ Western Desert.[1. Panzergroup Africa[edit]Opposing them were the German and Italian soldiers of Panzergroup Africa under General Erwin Rommel, with the Afrika Korps under Lieutenant General Ludwig Cruwell comprising the 1. Panzer Division, 2. Panzer Division (total of 2. Division z. b. V Afrika which had been formed in Africa as a composite formation, and was renamed the 9.

Light Africa Division in late November, and the Italian 5. Infantry Division Savona.[1. General Gastone Gambara and Rommel in the Autumn of 1. Directly under the Italian High Command (General Ettore Bastico), remained Italian XX Corps and XXI Corps.

The Italian XX Corps under Lieutenant General Gastone Gambara with 1. Armoured Division Ariete with 1. M1. 3/4. 0 and 1. Motorised Division Trieste. The Italian XXI Army Corps under Lieutenant General Enea Navarini with 1. Infantry Division Pavia, 1. Motorised Division Trento,[1.

Infantry Division Brescia and 2. Infantry Division Bologna. The Axis forces had built a defensive line of strong points along the escarpment running from near the sea at Bardia and Sollum and further along the border wire to Fort Capuzzo. Elements of the 2.

Panzer and the Savona divisions manned these defences whilst Rommel kept the rest of his forces grouped near or around the Tobruk perimeter where a planned attack on 1. November had been put back to 2. November due to supply difficulties.[1. Axis initial air support consisted of about 1. German and 2. 00 Italian serviceable aeroplanes but these could be reinforced quickly by transfer of units from Greece and Italy. Prelude[edit]Axis supply[edit].

Italian convoy sailing towards North Africa, 1. A German motorised division needed 3. With seven Axis divisions, air and naval units, 7.

Vichy agreed to the use of Bizerta but no supplies moved through the port until late 1. From February–May 1. Malta had some effect but in May, the worst month for ship losses, 9. Lack of transport in Libya left German supplies in Tripoli and the Italians had only 7,0. A record amount of supplies arrived in June but at the front, shortages worsened.[1.

There were fewer Axis attacks on Malta from June and sinkings increased from 7. July, to 7. 00. 12. September, when Benghazi was bombed and ships diverted to Tripoli; air supply in October made little difference. Deliveries averaged 7. July–October but the consumption of 3. In November a five- ship convoy was sunk during Operation Crusader and ground attacks on road convoys stopped journeys in daylight. Lack of deliveries and the Eighth Army offensive forced a retreat to El Agheila from 4 December, crowding the Via Balbia, where British ambushes destroyed about half of the remaining Axis transport.[1.

Convoys to Tripoli resumed and sinkings increased but by 1. December, the supply situation had eased, except for the fuel shortage and in December, the Luftwaffe was restricted to one sortie per day. The Vichy French sold 3,7. U- boats were ordered into the Mediterranean and air reinforcements sent from Russia in December.

The Italian navy used warships to carry fuel to Derna and Benghazi, then made a maximum effort from 1. December. Four battleships, three light cruisers and 2. Libya. The use of an armada for 2. Bizerta in Tunisia was canvassed as an entrepôt but this was in range of RAF aircraft from Malta and was another 8.

Tripoli.[1. 8]Eighth Army plan[edit]The plan was to engage the Afrika Korps with the 7th Armoured Division while the South African Division covered their left flank. Meanwhile, on their right, XIII Corps, supported by 4th Armoured Brigade (detached from 7th Armoured Division), would make a clockwise flanking advance west of Sidi Omar and hold position threatening the rear of the line of Axis defensive strongpoints, which ran east from Sidi Omar to the coast at Halfaya. Central to the plan was the destruction of the Axis armour by 7th Armoured Division to allow the relatively lightly armoured XIII Corps to advance north to Bardia on the coast whilst XXX Corps continued north- west to Tobruk and link with a break- out by 7. Division. There was also a deception plan to persuade the Axis that the main Allied attack would not be ready until early December and would be a sweeping outflanking move through Jarabub, an oasis on the edge of the Great Sand Sea, more than 1. This proved successful to the extent that Rommel, refusing to believe that an attack was imminent, was not in Africa when it came.[1. November[edit]. Matilda tanks on the move outside the perimeter of Tobruk, 1.

November 1. 94. 1. Before dawn on 1. November, Eighth Army launched a surprise attack, advancing west from its base at Mersa Matruh and crossing the Libyan border near Fort Maddalena, some 5. Sidi Omar, and then pushing to the north- west.

Lewisport. USA2. 0/0. Action from the last world FIM trials round in Italy. New for 2. 01. 8, Vertigo to launch a new 5. Titanium R " (only 3. ORDERS NOW BEING TAKEN.- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.

Well, Bear valley is over- - and so are the 3rd and 4th rounds of the CA state championships, and a great time was had by all at this very special location in the beautiful sierra Nevada mountains. We had riders from as far away as Montana Washington and Utah, thank you all for attending and making this another "epic" Bear valley event. Here are some pics!- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -2. BEAR VALLEY TRIAL- 1. SEPTEMBERWell, its that time of year again, Bear Valley trial will soon be upon us - -this year BEAR VALLEY TRIAL will be rounds 3 & 4 of the CA state championship and will an "A" class trial both days. We will still have sections for ALL level of riders on both days from beginner to master (rumor is we may have a couple of celebrities!).

This year the ski village is under new management and a big effort to improve facilities is being made with special rates at the Bear Valley lodge (mention trial ) and condos available for families etc etc. There is also tent glamping at the ski area just up the hill a little way (link to site)We will have food available at the sky high pizza restaurant & the creek side dinning room. The general store / deli has be revamped and will have breakfast available Fri. Sat with coffee, selection of muffins and pastries, breakfast sandwiches, breakfast burritos, yogurt fresh fruit and hot and cold cereals.

With much more effort being made to accommodate us this year we urge everyone to support the village as much as possible. Please call or text Mandy (5. SEE YOU THERE !- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - 2. New from Hebo- -CRANK / CORE1 / ORIGIN bike trials helmets - - plus MUCH more trials bicycle parts and apparel - - Check out the new HEBO range of motorcycle and bicycle wear and parts, available to order here now!"CLICK HERE TO BROWSE THE HEBO FULL RANGE"ALL parts in this catalouge are avilible to order here now!=================================================2. New gas Gas practice fenders- $2.

Still have EXTREMELY low hours (some less than 2 hours!) Gas Gas trials bikes from the US world round GP at HUGE discount over new- -Shipping is availible all over the USA for arounfd $3. Some Jitsie action from Kingman- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2. Trial. GP Rd.- Kingman - Arizona - Weekend Review from Jitsie on Vimeo. Just in, # 6. 4 Trial Magazine and # 2. Clasic trial,- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -7/8/1.

Vertigo launch the 2. VERTICAL model- -here are some pictures, more info to follow,- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -7/8/1. We have several Gas Gas trials bikes from the world round, both minder and rider bikes, ALL exceptional condition, some with less than 5 miles on, completely as brand new, HUGE savings over new prices, call for details we have 2. US.- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 6/8/1. A few pictures of our pit at the World Round Trial GP held at Kingman AZ.

Mike Carlton and his crew for a incredible event which was well received by all visiting manufacturers.- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - 1. PLEASE NOTE: From Tuesday 2. July thru Monday 3.

July we will be attending the World trial GP in Kingman AZ, we will still be working as usual but some services may be affected during this time. We will be there representing both Lewisportusa and Vertigo so if you are attending please come along and visit with us there.

We will have a full display of the amazing VERTIGO bikes (including the Fajardo replica and the 1. Titanium special "R" model) - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1. New from MOTS- -the GO ON 2 helmet.... With the World GP trial coming this month to AZ we have had many customers asking about the new rules and what is happening, so therefore though it would be a good idea to post an explanation from the man himself!- -Jake miller, this should make things clearer for all you trials fans heading to AZ later this month..

Its gets earlier every year!- -- its that time again, the 2. TRS model pics! More details to follow soon!- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2. It is with a very heavy heart i have to inform you I lost my riding buddy yesterday, but more importantly i lost my very good friend. Kevin Davey sadly passed away yesterday at Stanford hospital after a long struggle with pancreatic cancer. His family were there with him .

I would like to thank everyone that supported Kevin "Go Fund Me" account we set up nearly one year ago.. ALL. Friendship is deep, powerful and amazing, but it is hard to really explain why. If you have a close friend you probably know exactly what i mean. No surprise.. when your close friend passes is just like a family member passing, we don't "Get over it"... Kevin, you will ALWAYS be with us. Our deepest condolences to all family and friends,RIP Kev, Gonna miss you bud!

Adrian/Mandy- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2. We just wanted to remind customers that we stock and are able to offer the enduro line of Gas Gas motorcycles also, here is a video link that Dirtbike magazine released on the all new GAS GAS EC race bikes,- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -1. Vertigo take a step forward this month with the introduction of the new "Combat Fajardo Replica" a motorbike that features within its range of components, improvements that come from there official rider Jeroni Fajardo,s achievements inside the most demanding trial competitions world wide. Thanks the the experience taken during this championship comes to life in tis new model, which include personal additions from Jeroni Fajardo , helping Vertigo to keep moving forward and take this range to an even higher level, offering customers a bike capable to compete within the most demanding conditions. One of the most significant changes is within the rear suspension with a new system called "Rocker Lineal".

This system brings a new geometry that is more progressive, enhancing riders stability and control when attempting steps. Another aspect to highlight from the replica bike is the optimized distribution which improves substantially the engine performance. Progress that is complemented by a new exhaust manifold that has been evolved with Vertigo technology and built in titanium. Boy seen reeds also compliment the engine performance further. Also a new air filter from twin air is slightly smaller allowing better attainment. Carbon guards to clutch cover and magneto cover compliment the machine with new redesigned skid plate . Engine mapping is also changed applicable to the Fajardo Replica solely.

Many more small features are applicable to the truly incredible trials machine. Vertigo motors USA will be getting several machines , but already demand is high and with a max production of approx only 5. Please call for further information- -lewisportusa 1- 8. Tmnt Season 5 2012 there. New E4 gas Gas models arriving - -call for best deals!- -your 1.